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Research Notes

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International Research Project on the Permanent Wave

This website is part of an ongoing historical research project dedicated to the development of the permanent wave and the life of Karl Ludwig Nessler (1872–1951).

The aim of this digital archive is to document the history of the permanent wave in a comprehensive and source-based manner.

The project includes:

  • biographical developments

  • historical documents and newspaper sources

  • patents and technological innovations

  • international connections within the hairdressing profession

The archive is continuously expanding and is based on ongoing research in European and international archives.


 → View the German archive (nessler-dauerwelle.de)
 → View the research project (charles-nessler.com)
 → Explore the industrial development (Nestle-Lemur)​

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